Xymalos Monospora (Bogabog)


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Scientific Name
Xymalos monospora

Trade Name
Bogabog

Family Name
Monimiaceae

Synonyms
Xymalos ugandensis

Common Names
Bogabog, Chebanatit, Dimu, Kiptassi, Kiptelde, Lemon, Lemonwood, Limoenhout, Mburuno, Mburvno, Mfuru, Mkaliakisumu, Muako, Munyamazhanhi, Murendetti, Muvheti, Nyagazani, Omuhotora, Serweriet, Umveti, Wild lemon

Regions of Distribution
Africa

Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP]
Burundi, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zimbabwe

Common Uses
Agricultural implements, Beehives, Boxes and crates, Brush backs & handles, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Flooring, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Furniture, Joinery, Light construction, Millwork, Moldings, Plywood, Poles, Posts, Pulp/Paper products, Railroad ties, Toys, Turnery, Vehicle parts

Heartwood Color

Yellow
Brown
Orange
Green/grey
Yellow to golden-yellow to orange
Greenish to greyish
Brown

Sapwood Color

Brown
Yellow
Same as heartwood

Grain

Distinct (figure)
Figure
Straight
Even

 

Distinct figure
Straight

Texture

Fine
Medium
Fine
Medium

Natural Durability

Non-durable
Durable
Moderately durable
Perishable
Susceptible to insect attack
Non-resistant to termites
Resistant to powder post beetles
Non durable
Moderately durable
Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera)
Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles
Durable

Kiln Schedules

Dry at a slow speed
UK=A US=T2D4/T2D3 Fr=1

Drying Defects

Collapse
Internal Honeycombing Possible
Checking
Splitting
Moderate collapse and honeycombing
Moderate surface checking
Moderate end spitting

Ease of Drying

Moderately Difficult to Difficult
Slowly
Difficult

Kiln Drying Rate

Naturally dries slowly

Tree Identification

Bole/stem form is buttressed

Tree Size

Tree height is 20-30 m
Tree height is 10-20 m
Bole length is 0-10 m
Sapwood width is 0-5 cm
Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm
Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm

Blunting Effect

Little
Moderate
Blunting effect on machining is slight
Blunting effect on machining is moderate

Boring

Fairly easy to very easy
Easy

Cutting Resistance

Easy to saw
Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy

Gluing

Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Easy to glue

Mortising

Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Very Good to Excellent Results
Fair to Good Results
Finishes well
Easy to mortise

Moulding

Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Very Good to Excellent Results
Fair to Good Results
Good finishing results
Easy to mould

Movement in Service

Fair to Good Stability – Medium Movement
Medium

Nailing

Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Very Good to Excellent Results
Fair to Good Results
Easy to nail
Holds nails well

Planing

Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Fair to Good Results
Very Good to Excellent Results
Easy to plane
Planes well, to a good finish

Resistance to Impregnation

Resistant heartwood
Resistant sapwood
Heartwood is resistant
Sapwood is moderately resistant
Heartwood is moderately resistant

Resistance to Splitting

Good

Response to Hand Tools

Easy to Work
Easy to machine

Turning

Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Very Good to Excellent Results
Fair to Good Results
Good results
Easy to turn

Polishing

Fair to Good Results
Very Good to Excellent Results
Satisfactory results
Good results

Varnishing

Very Good to Excellent Results
Fair to Good Results
Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Good results

Strength Properties

Max. crushing strength = medium
Bending strength (MOR) = low
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low
Hardness (side grain) = soft
Shrinkage, Radial = very small
Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large
Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft.
Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low
Shrinkage, Tangential = very small
Shrinkage, Tangential = small
Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate
Shrinkage, Radial = small
Shrinkage, Radial = moderate
Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft.
Shrinkage, Tangential = large
Shrinkage, Radial = large
Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large

Numerical Data

Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 6111 9589 psi
Density 35 lbs/ft3
Hardness 995 lbs
Impact Strength 28 inches
Maximum Crushing Strength 3916 6397 psi
Shearing Strength 1560 psi
Stiffness 1188 1383 1000 psi
Weight 34 27 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 3 %
Tangential Shrinkage 7 %
Item Green Dry Metric
Bending Strength 429 674 kg/cm2
Density 560 kg/m3
Hardness 451 kg
Impact Strength 71 cm
Maximum Crushing Strength 275 449 kg/cm2
Shearing Strength 109 kg/cm2
Stiffness 83 97 1000 kg/cm2
Weight 544 432 kg/m3
Radial Shrinkage 3 %

References
Banks, C.H., Schoeman, J.P., Otto, K.P.,1977,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with particular reference to South,Africa,South African Forestry Research Institute Bulletin,(Ed.,Schoeman, J.P. 1973 & Otto K.P. 1976,No.48

Banks, C.H.,1954,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with Particular Reference to those,grown in the Union of South Africa,Journal of the South African Forestry Association,No. 24 pp.44-65,[South,African Forestry Journal]

Battiscombe, E.,1926,A Descriptive Catalogue of some of the Common Trees and Woody Plants of,Kenya Colony,Crown Agents for the Colonies London

Bois, P.J.,1966,The Strength Properties of Tanzania Timbers,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. Moshi Tech. Note, No.35

Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers – the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building Research

Brenan, J.P.M., Greenway, P.J.,1949,Check-lists of the Forest Trees and Shrubs of the British Empire,Imperial Forestry Institute, Oxford No.5 Tanganyika Territories Part 2

Bryce, J.M.,1967,Commercial Timbers of Tanzania,Tanzanian Forestry Division Util. Sec. Moshi

Eggeling, W.J.,1940,Indigenous Trees of Uganda,Govt. Printer Entebbe Uganda

Goldsmith, B., Carter, D.T.,1981,The Indigenous Timbers of Zimbabwe,Forestry Commission, Zimbabwe Research Bulletin No.9

Murira, K.,1984,Natural Durability Tests of Tanzanian Timbers 1955 – 1982,Tanzania Forestry Research Institute, Timber Utilisation Research Centre,,Moshi.

Scott, M.H.,1935,Weights of South African Growth Timbers,South African Department of Agriculture and Forestry Bulletin,No.145,Forest Products Institute, Forestry Series No.1

Scott, M.H.,1953,Utilisation Notes on South African Timbers,South African Forestry Department Bulletin No.36

Sim, T.R.,1921,Native Trees of South Africa,Union of South Africa Department of Mines and Industries Memoir No.3

Takahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7

Tanzania Forest Department,1966,Xymalos monospora (lemonwood.mburuno,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. Moshi – Timbers of Tanganyika

Uganda Forest Department,1954,The Mechanical Properties of some Ugandan Timbers,Uganda Forest Department Timber Leaflet,No.1

Wimbush, S.H.,1950,Catalogue of Kenya Timbers,Govt. Printer Nairobi Kenya