Xylia Xylocarpa (Pyinkado)

Scientific Name
Xylia xylocarpa

Trade Name
Pyinkado

Family Name
Leguminosae

Synonyms
Xylia dolabriformis

Common Names
Boja, Bojeh, Cam xe, Eruvalu, Irul, Irummala, Jamba, Jambe, Jambu, Kada, Kadamaram, Konda tangedu, Kongora, Mai-sa-lan, Mai-sak, Orjori, Panga, Pangali, Pegu ironwood, Pinkado, Pkhay, Praing, Pran, Pyin, Pyinkado, Shilve, Sokram, Suaba, Suria, Tangani, Tangedi, Tangudu, The ironwood of Burma, Tiriwa, Trul, Trumalla, Yerul

Regions of Distribution
Oceania and S.E. Asia

Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP]
Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam

Common Uses
Agricultural implements, Barge fenders, Boat building (general), Boat building, Bridge beams, Bridge construction, Bridge joists, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Canoes, Chemical derivatives, Construction, Crossties, Decks, Docks, Dockwork, Factory construction, Flooring, Flooring: commercial heavy traffic, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Golf club heads, Handles: general, Harbor work, Heavy construction, Ladders, Lifeboats, Light construction, Marine construction, Mine timbers, Naval architecture, Piling, Poles, Posts, Raft floats, Rafts, Railroad ties, Shipbuilding, Structural work, Textile equipment, Tool handles, Utility poles, Vehicle parts, Wharf construction

Environmental Profile

Distribution Overview
Xylia is a small genus of trees distributed in tropical Asia and Africa. X. xylocarpa is common in the forest of the Western Ghats in southern Maharashtra, Mysore, and Kerala in India. Its range is also reported to extend in a scattered manner from Madhya Pradesh eastward to the Esatern Ghats in Orissa and Andra Pradesh, and is locally common in Ganjam. also introduced into West Bengal.

Heartwood Color

Sapwood Color

Grain

Texture

Hard

Luster

Natural Durability

Resistance to termite attack

Odor

Light-Induced Color Change

Toxicity

Kiln Schedules

Drying Defects

Ease of Drying

Felling should be done during or just after the rainy season and logs should be converted green or stored under water until ready to convert. Sawn material should be stored under cover and protected against rapid drying

Tree Identification

Tree Size

Product Sources
The bark and oil from the seeds of Irul are used for medicinal purposes.

Comments
Deposits – Wood vessels may contain whitish deposits.

General finishing qualities are rated as good

General finishing qualities are rated as good

The woods of Irul (X. xylocarpa ) and Pyinkado (X. dolabriformis ) are very similar in structural and other properties, and are very difficult to distinguish.

Wood vessels may contain white deposits.

Blunting Effect

Boring

Carving

Cutting Resistance

Gluing

Mortising

Moulding

Movement in Service

Nailing

Planing

Wavy and interlocked grain, as well as varying amounts of resin, are reported to influence the machining characteristics of the timber. A cutting angle of 20 degrees is recommended in planing to prevent torn grain

Resistance to Impregnation

Response to Hand Tools

Routing & Recessing

Sanding

Screwing

Turning

Veneering Qualities

Steam Bending

Polishing

Good results except when very high resin context

Staining

Strength Properties

Numerical Data

References
Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois, and E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Woods – Temperate and Tropical. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.

Chowdhury, K.A. and S.S. Ghosh. 1958. Indian Woods – Their Identification, Properties and Uses, Volume I – Dilleniaceae to Elaeocarpaceae. Published by the Manager of Publications, Delhi, India.

Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.

Clifford, N.,1953,Commercial Hardwoods – Their Characteristics Identification and,Utilization,Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd. London

Cox, H.A.,1939,A Handbook of Empire Timbers,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough

Farmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSO

Foxworthy, F.W., Woolley, H.W.,1930,Durability of Malayan Timbers,Malayan Forest Record,No.8

France – C.T.F.T.,Note sur le Camxe (Xylia dolabriformiis Benth,C.T.F.T. Information technique 37

Gamble, J.S.,1902,A Manual of Indian Timbers,Sampson Low, Marston & Co. London

HMSO. 1972. Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition. Revised by R.H. Farmer. Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London.

Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.

Hundley, H.G.,1955,Pyinkado – Xylia dolabriformis,Burmese Forester,5(2, pp131-2

Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1

Khan, S.N.,1967,Natural decay resistance of Indian Timbers IV Decay resistance of ivul,(Xylia xylocarpa) and laurel (Terminalia tomentosa,Indian Forester,93(8,pp567-77

Krishnan, E.A.C.F.,1936,Xylia xylocarpa for sleepers,Indian Forester,62(4, pp220-222

Limaye, V.D and B.R. Sen 1953. Weights and Specific Gravities of Indian Woods. Forest Research Institute, Indian Forest Records, New Series, Timber Mechanics, Vol. 1., No. 4. Dehra Dun, India.

Limaye, V.D. 1954. Grouping of Indian Timbers and Their Properties, Uses, and Suitability. Indian Forest Records (New Series). Timber Mechanics. Volume 1 No. 2. Manager of Publications (Publisher, Delhi

Limaye, V.D.,1933,The Physical and Mechanical Properties of woods grown in India (Third,Interim Report on Project 1,Indian Forest Records,18(10,pp1-70

Nazma,1981,A handbook of Kerala Timbers,Kerala Forest Research Institute Research Report, No.9

Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical Press

Pearson, R.S., Brown, H.P.,1932,Commercial Timbers of India,Govt. Printer Calcutta,2 vols

Ramesh, Rao K., Purkayastha, S.K.,1972,Indian Woods – Their Identification Properties and Uses,Dehra Dun India,Vol. 3

Rendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. London

Sallenave, P.,1955,Proprietes Phyiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux de l’Union Francaise,C.T.F.T

Tewari, M.C., Jain, J.C.,1980,Utilization of Secondary Species,Journal of the National Building Organization 25(2) pp1-6

Timber Development Association Ltd.,1955,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Timber Development Association Ltd.

Titmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd edition

WCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing – Trees and Timbers of the World, World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Plants Programme, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.

Wood, B., Calnan, D.,1976,Toxic Woods,British Journal of Dermat 94 Suppl. 13