Scientific Name
Xanthophyllum excelsum
Trade Name
Bok bok
Family Name
Xanthophyllaceae
Common Names
Anono, Bagarilao, Bagaulan, Balobo, Banig, Barakbak, Batobato, Batobatong-babae, Bok bok, Butungan, Kabol, Kangkangum, Latag, Magbok, Malagiting-biting, Managbak, Pagpagan
Regions of Distribution
Oceania and S.E. Asia
Countries of Distribution [VIEW MAP]
Philippines
Environmental Profile
| Extinct | ||||||||||||
| Vulnerable | ||||||||||||
| Endangered | ||||||||||||
| Status has not been officially assessed |
Distribution Overview
The genus Xanthophyllum consists of trees and shrubs which occur in India, Southeast Asia and in tropical Australia. X. excelsum is indigenous to the Philippines.
Heartwood Color
| Yellow | ||||||||||||
| Yellowish brown | ||||||||||||
| Yellow to golden-yellow to orange | ||||||||||||
| Light buff to yellowish brown | ||||||||||||
| Brown |
Sometimes with bluish black patches caused by fungus attack
Sapwood Color
| Yellow |
Grain
| Even | ||||||||||||
| Interlocked | ||||||||||||
| Straight |
| Straight | ||||||||||||
| Occasionally interlocked, but not always |
Texture
| Even or uniform | ||||||||||||
| Uniform | ||||||||||||
| Fine | ||||||||||||
| Medium | ||||||||||||
| Coarse |
Hard
Luster
| High | ||||||||||||
| Dull |
Natural Durability
| Durable | ||||||||||||
| Moderately durable | ||||||||||||
| Moderately durable |
Deteriorate rapidly when exposed to the weather or in contact with the ground
Odor
| No specific smell or taste |
Drying Defects
Warping and checking are slight
Ease of Drying
| Reconditioning Treatement | ||||||||||||
| Easy |
Boring
| Fair to good results | ||||||||||||
| Fairly easy to very easy |
Carving
| Fair to Good Results | ||||||||||||
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
Cutting Resistance
| Easy to saw |
Mortising
| Fair to Good Results | ||||||||||||
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
Moulding
| Fair to Good Results | ||||||||||||
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
Planing
| Fair to Good Results | ||||||||||||
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
Response to Hand Tools
| Yields a smooth, clean finish | ||||||||||||
| Responds well |
Routing & Recessing
| Fair to Good Results | ||||||||||||
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
Turning
| Fair to Good Results |
Polishing
| Very Good to Excellent Results |
Strength Properties
| Compression strength (parallel to grain) = high | ||||||||||||
| Bending strength (MOR) = very high |
Very hard
Numerical Data
| Item | Green | Dry | English |
| Bending Strength | 10300 | 17283 | psi |
| Crushing Strength | 913 | 1631 | psi |
| Hardness | 1737 | lbs | |
| Impact Strength | 33 | inches | |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 4711 | 8663 | psi |
| Shearing Strength | 1784 | psi | |
| Static Bending | 6286 | 10935 | psi |
| Stiffness | 1544 | 2090 | 1000 psi |
| Toughness | 525 | inch-lbs | |
| Specific Gravity | 0.62 | 0.67 | |
| Item | Green | Dry | Metric |
| Bending Strength | 724 | 1215 | kg/cm2 |
| Crushing Strength | 64 | 114 | kg/cm2 |
| Hardness | 787 | kg | |
| Impact Strength | 83 | cm | |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 331 | 609 | kg/cm2 |
| Shearing Strength | 125 | kg/cm2 | |
| Static Bending | 441 | 768 | kg/cm2 |
| Stiffness | 108 | 146 | 1000 kg/cm2 |
| Toughness | 604 | cm-kg |
References
Chowdhury, K.A. and S.S. Ghosh. 1958. Indian Woods – Their Identification, Properties and Uses, Volume I – Dilleniaceae to Elaeocarpaceae. Published by the Manager of Publications, Delhi, India.
Lauricio, F. M., Bellosillo, S. B. 1966. The Mechanical and Related Properties of Philippine Woods, The Lumberman, 12(5):A-H.
Reyes, L.J. 1938. Philippine Woods. Department of Agriculture and Commerce, Technical Bulletin 7, Commonwealth of the Philippines, Bureau of Printing, Manila.