Scientific Name
Parastemon urophyllus
Trade Name
Anggilas
Family Name
Chrysobalanaceae
Common Names
Anggilas, Kaju melas, Malas, Mandailas, Melas, Mendailes, Mengilas, Ngilas, Nyalas, Sempalawan
Regions of Distribution
Oceania and S.E. Asia
Countries of Distribution [VIEW MAP]
Brunei, India, Indonesia, Malaysia
Common Uses
Agricultural implements, Boat building (general), Boat building: framing, Bridge construction, Carvings, Flooring: commercial heavy traffic, Fuelwood, Heavy construction, Light construction, Marine construction, Piling, Poles, Railroad ties, Sporting Goods, Turnery, Vehicle parts
Heartwood Color
| Reddish brown | ||||||||||||
| Purple | ||||||||||||
| Brown | ||||||||||||
| Pale brown |
Sapwood Color
| White to yellow | ||||||||||||
| Different than heartwood |
Grain
| Straight | ||||||||||||
| Interlocked | ||||||||||||
| Even | ||||||||||||
| Figure | ||||||||||||
| Stripe (figure) |
| Straight | ||||||||||||
| Interlocked | ||||||||||||
| Striped figure | ||||||||||||
| Figure shows patterns other than those generally described |
Texture
| Medium | ||||||||||||
| Fine | ||||||||||||
| Fine to medium | ||||||||||||
| Medium | ||||||||||||
| Medium to coarse |
Natural Durability
| Susceptible to insect attack | ||||||||||||
| Perishable | ||||||||||||
| Non-resistant to powder post beetles | ||||||||||||
| Non-resistant to termites | ||||||||||||
| Non-resistant to marine borers | ||||||||||||
| Non-durable | ||||||||||||
| Moderately resistant to marine borer attack | ||||||||||||
| Durable | ||||||||||||
| Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) often present in the standing tree | ||||||||||||
| Non durable | ||||||||||||
| Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles | ||||||||||||
| Susceptible to marine borer attack | ||||||||||||
| Resistant to wood staining fungal attack | ||||||||||||
| Moderately durable |
Silica Content
| Severe |
Drying Defects
| No surface checking | ||||||||||||
| No end splitting | ||||||||||||
| Moderate twist/warp | ||||||||||||
| Slight surface checking | ||||||||||||
| Slight end splitting |
Ease of Drying
| Fairly Easy | ||||||||||||
| Easy |
Tree Identification
| Bole/stem form is buttressed |
Tree Size
| Tree height is 30-40 m |
Comments
General finishing qualities are rated as good
Blunting Effect
| Blunting effect on machining is moderate | ||||||||||||
| Blunting effect on sawing dry wood is severe |
Boring
| Easy |
Cutting Resistance
| Easy to saw | ||||||||||||
| Cutting Resistance with dry wood is difficult | ||||||||||||
| Cutting Resistance with green wood is difficult |
Nailing
| Difficult to nail |
Planing
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy | ||||||||||||
| Very Good to Excellent Results | ||||||||||||
| Fair to Good Results | ||||||||||||
| Planes well, to a good finish | ||||||||||||
| Easy to plane | ||||||||||||
| Difficult to plane |
Strength Properties
| Density (dry weight) = 67-75 lbs/cu.ft | ||||||||||||
| Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu. ft | ||||||||||||
| Shrinkage, Radial = small | ||||||||||||
| Shrinkage, Tangential = small | ||||||||||||
| Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate | ||||||||||||
| Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large | ||||||||||||
| Shrinkage, Radial = moderate |
Numerical Data
| Item | Green | Dry | English |
| Density | 50 | lbs/ft3 | |
| Weight | 53 | 49 | lbs/ft3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 3 | % | |
| Tangential Shrinkage | 7 | % | |
| Item | Green | Dry | Metric |
| Density | 801 | kg/m3 | |
| Weight | 849 | 785 | kg/m3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 3 | % |
References
Browne, F.G.,1955,Forest Trees of Sarawak and Brunei and their Products.,Government Printing Office, Kuching, Sarawak
Desch, H.E.,1954,Manual of Malayan Timbers (2 vols,Malayan Forest Records,no.15
Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.
Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1
Lee, Y.H., Lopez, D.T.,1968,The Machining Properties of some Malayan Timbers,Malayan Forester,3,pp194-210
Ramesh, Rao K., Purkayastha, S.K.,1972,Indian Woods – Their Identification Properties and Uses,Dehra Dun India,Vol. 3
Sarawak Forest Department,Trees and Timbers of Sarawak and Brunei,Forest Department Sarawak Leaflet No.31
Smythies, B.E.,1965,Common Sarawak Trees,Borneo Literature Bureau
Thomas, A.V.,1939,Nyalas (Parastemon urophyllum,Malayan Forester 8 pp27-8
Whitmore, T.C.,1973,Tree Flora of Malaya A Manual for Foresters Volume 2,Forest Department Ministry of Primary Industries Malaysia