Scientific Name
Eugenia kuranda
Trade Name
Kelat
Family Name
Common Names
Dangkhao, Kelat, Kuranda satinash, Mao
Regions of Distribution
Oceania and S.E. Asia
Countries of Distribution [VIEW MAP]
Fiji, India, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand
Common Uses
Beams, Bridge beams, Bridge construction, Bridge joists, Building materials, Crossties, Domestic flooring, Factory flooring, Flooring, Foundation posts, Marine construction, Parquet flooring, Pile-driver cushions, Piling, Poles, Posts, Rafters, Railroad ties, Roofing, Shipbuilding, Stakes, Structural work, Sub-flooring, Utility poles, Wharf construction
Environmental Profile
| Abundant/Secure | ||||||||||||
| Rare | ||||||||||||
| Status has not been officially assessed |
Distribution Overview
Australia and possibly other countries in the Indo-Malayan region.
Heartwood Color
| Brown | ||||||||||||
| Red | ||||||||||||
| White | ||||||||||||
| Purple | ||||||||||||
| Red | ||||||||||||
| Pinkish white | ||||||||||||
| Greenish to greyish | ||||||||||||
| Brown |
Sapwood Color
| White | ||||||||||||
| Yellow | ||||||||||||
| Red | ||||||||||||
| Pink | ||||||||||||
| Color not distinct from heartwood |
Gray
Grain
| Closed | ||||||||||||
| Figure | ||||||||||||
| Interlocked | ||||||||||||
| Wavy |
| Wavy | ||||||||||||
| Interlocked |
The wood is described as figureless and rather plain in appearance.
Texture
| Fine | ||||||||||||
| Even or uniform | ||||||||||||
| Uniform | ||||||||||||
| Moderately fine and even |
Luster
| High | ||||||||||||
| Slightly lustrous |
Natural Growth Defects
| Gum/resin streaks |
Natural Durability
| Non-durable | ||||||||||||
| Moderately durable | ||||||||||||
| Perishable | ||||||||||||
| Moderately durable |
Resistance to attack by pinhole borers and termites is also rated as moderate
Odor
| Has an odor | ||||||||||||
| No specific smell or taste |
Drying Defects
| Splitting | ||||||||||||
| Checking | ||||||||||||
| Distortion | ||||||||||||
| Discoloration | ||||||||||||
| Moderate surface checking | ||||||||||||
| Moderate end spitting |
Ease of Drying
| Moderately Difficult to Difficult | ||||||||||||
| Fairly Easy | ||||||||||||
| Rapidly | ||||||||||||
| Medium to High Shrinkage | ||||||||||||
| Thick Stock Requires Care | ||||||||||||
| Slowly | ||||||||||||
| Requires slow to moderate drying schedule. |
Quartersawn stock dries with little degrade Weighting down of stacks and end-coating are recommended
Kiln Drying Rate
| Naturally dries at a moderate speed | ||||||||||||
| Naturally dries quickly |
Tree Size
| Tree height is 10-20 m | ||||||||||||
| Tree height is 20-30 m | ||||||||||||
| Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm | ||||||||||||
| Tree height is 30-40 m | ||||||||||||
| Tree height is 40-50 m |
Product Sources
Some species in the genus are reported to yield edible fruit, while others have an inner bark that produce tannin for curing leather and for toughening nets.
Certified Source
| Certified Source |
Comments
Variable weight
Boring
| Fair to good results | ||||||||||||
| Fairly easy to very easy |
Cutting Resistance
| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw | ||||||||||||
| Saws cleanly with moderate blutning of cutting edges | ||||||||||||
| Cuts well |
Gluing
| Fair to Good Results | ||||||||||||
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy | ||||||||||||
| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
Mortising
| Very Good to Excellent Results | ||||||||||||
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy | ||||||||||||
| Fair to Good Results |
Moulding
| Poor to Very Poor Results | ||||||||||||
| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
Movement in Service
| Unstable with Poor Stability – Large Movement |
Nailing
| Fair to Good Results | ||||||||||||
| Pre-Boring Recommended | ||||||||||||
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy | ||||||||||||
| Very Good to Excellent Results | ||||||||||||
| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult | ||||||||||||
| Tends to split during nailing | ||||||||||||
| Pre-boring recommended |
Planing
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy | ||||||||||||
| Very Good to Excellent Results | ||||||||||||
| Fair to Good Results | ||||||||||||
| Hard, heavy, and strong |
Yields clean and smooth, but lusterless surfaces
Resistance to Impregnation
| Permeable heartwood | ||||||||||||
| Resistant heartwood | ||||||||||||
| Resistant sapwood | ||||||||||||
| Permeable sapwood | ||||||||||||
| Heartwood resistance to preservative treatment is very high |
Sapwood permeability ranges from treatable to moderately resistant
Response to Hand Tools
| Easy to Work | ||||||||||||
| Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work | ||||||||||||
| Responds well to hand tools |
Sanding
| Poor to Very Poor Results | ||||||||||||
| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult | ||||||||||||
| Contains alkaloids giving it good acid resistance |
Screwing
| Very Good to Excellent Results | ||||||||||||
| Poor to Very Poor Results | ||||||||||||
| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult | ||||||||||||
| Fair to Good Results |
Turning
| Fair to Good Results | ||||||||||||
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy | ||||||||||||
| Very Good to Excellent Results | ||||||||||||
| Yields clean surfaces | ||||||||||||
| Turned surfaces tend to be rough | ||||||||||||
| Responds readily to most ordinary tools |
Veneering Qualities
| Veneers moderately easy | ||||||||||||
| Difficult to veneer | ||||||||||||
| Veneers easily | ||||||||||||
| Suitable for peeling |
Steam Bending
| Fair to Good Results | ||||||||||||
| Very Good to Excellent Results | ||||||||||||
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
Painting
| Fair to Good Results | ||||||||||||
| Very Good to Excellent Results | ||||||||||||
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
Polishing
| Fair to Good Results | ||||||||||||
| Good results |
Staining
| Fair to Good Results | ||||||||||||
| Very Good to Excellent Results | ||||||||||||
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
Varnishing
| Fair to Good Results | ||||||||||||
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
Numerical Data
| Item | Green | Dry | English |
| Bending Strength | 9506 | 13818 | psi |
| Density | 40 | lbs/ft3 | |
| Hardness | 897 | lbs | |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 4900 | 7526 | psi |
| Shearing Strength | 1352 | psi | |
| Static Bending | 6125 | 8389 | psi |
| Stiffness | 1529 | 1784 | 1000 psi |
| Toughness | 114 | inch-lbs | |
| Specific Gravity | 0.61 | ||
| Radial Shrinkage | 4 | % | |
| Tangential Shrinkage | 8 | % | |
| Volumetric Shrinkage | 15 | % | |
| Item | Green | Dry | Metric |
| Bending Strength | 668 | 971 | kg/cm2 |
| Density | 641 | kg/m3 | |
| Hardness | 406 | kg | |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 344 | 529 | kg/cm2 |
| Shearing Strength | 95 | kg/cm2 | |
| Static Bending | 430 | 589 | kg/cm2 |
| Stiffness | 107 | 125 | 1000 kg/cm2 |
| Toughness | 131 | cm-kg | |
| Specific Gravity | 0.61 | ||
| Radial Shrinkage | 4 | % | |
| Tangential Shrinkage | 8 | % |
References
Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.
Desch, H. E. 1954. Manual of Malayan Timbers – Volume II. Malayan Forest Records, No. 15. Malaya Publishing House Ltd., Singapore.
Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1