Eschweilera subglandulosa (Akakarie)


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Scientific Name
Eschweilera subglandulosa

Trade Name
Akakarie

Family Name
Lecythidaceae

Synonyms
Lecythis laevifolia, Lecythis subglandulosa

Common Names
Akakarie, Aquatapana, Baakalaka, Barklak, Barkraki, Black kakaralli, Black karalli, Guatecare, Kakaralli, Kakaralli wadilikoro, Kwaterie, Kwattere, Majaguillo, Manbarklak, Manbarkraki, Mekoekoeware, Mutunata, Tamoenin kwatere, Tapirin kwatere, Tapoeloe kwaterli, Tekarajan kwatere, Toepoeroe kwatere, Toledo wood, Totioto, Wadilie kakaralie, Wadodorie, Wadoedoeli, Watercare

Regions of Distribution
Latin America, Oceania and S.E. Asia

Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP]
Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago

Common Uses
Boat building (general), Boat building: framing, Bridge construction, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Heavy construction, Joinery, Light construction, Marine construction, Mine timbers, Piling, Posts, Railroad ties

Heartwood Color

Red
Pink
Brown
Greenish to greyish
Yellow to golden-yellow to orange
White to cream
Red
Pale red to pink
Pale brown
Dark brown
Black

Sapwood Color

White to yellow
Well defined
Different than heartwood

Grain

Straight
Figure
Even
Other (figure)

 

Straight
Other figure

Texture

Coarse
Medium
Fine
Medium
Fine to medium

Luster

Slightly lustrous
Lustrous

Natural Durability

Very durable
Resistant to termites
Durable
Non-resistant to powder post beetles
Susceptible to insect attack
Non-resistant to marine borers
Resistant to attack from marine borers
Durable
Very durable
Resistant to attack from termites (Isoptera)
Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles
Moderately durable
Resistant to wood staining fungal attack

Silica Content

Severe
Moderate silica contact

Light-Induced Color Change

Darker

Kiln Schedules

Dry at a moderate speed
Drying (speed) is fast
Dry at a slow speed

Drying Defects

Slight surface checking
Slight twist/warp
Slight end splitting
No end splitting should be expected
No cupping, generally

Drying degrade due to spring and bow tends to be slight

Ease of Drying

Moderate
Difficult

Tree Identification

Bole/stem form is buttressed
Bole/stem form is fluted
Bole/stem form is straight
Bole/stem form is cylindrical
Bole/stem form is not buttressed

Tree Size

Tree height is 30-40 m
Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm
Tree height is 20-30 m
Tree height is 10-20 m

Comments
General finishing qualities are rated as good

General finishing qualities are rated as satisfactory

Blunting Effect

Blunting effect on machining is severe

Cutting Resistance

Cutting Resistance with green wood is difficult
Cutting Resistance with dry wood is difficult

Gluing

Difficult to glue

Resistance to Impregnation

Heartwood is highly resistant

Response to Hand Tools

Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work
Easy to Work
Difficult to machine
Easy to machine

Strength Properties

Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu.ft
Density (dry weight) = 67-75 lbs/cu. ft
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high
Max. crushing strength = high
Bending strength (MOR) = very high
Hardness (side grain) = very hard
Shrinkage, Tangential = large
Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = high
Max. crushing strength = medium
Bending strength (MOR) = high
Shrinkage, Radial = large
Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft
Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft.
Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large
Bending strength (MOR) = medium

Numerical Data

Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 18107 25966 psi
Density 53 lbs/ft3
Hardness 2940 lbs
Maximum Crushing Strength 6899 9945 psi
Shearing Strength 2479 psi
Stiffness 2486 2896 1000 psi
Work to Maximum Load 17 21 inch-lbs/in3
Weight 52 50 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 5 %
Tangential Shrinkage 10 %
Item Green Dry Metric
Bending Strength 1273 1825 kg/cm2
Density 849 kg/m3
Hardness 1333 kg
Maximum Crushing Strength 485 699 kg/cm2
Shearing Strength 174 kg/cm2
Stiffness 174 203 1000 kg/cm2
Work to Maximum Load 1.19 1.47 cm-kg/cm3
Weight 833 801 kg/m3
Radial Shrinkage 5 %

References
Amos, G.L.,1951,Some siliceous timbers of British Guiana,Caribbean Forester (3; 4) 133-7, 139-40.

Berni, C.A., Bolza, E., Christensen, F.J.,1979,South American Timbers – The Characteristics, Properties and Uses of 190,Species,C.S.I.R.O Div. Building Research

Brooks, R.L., et al,1941,Durability tests on Untreated Timbers in Trinidad,Caribbean Forester,2(3,pp101-119

Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 2 South America,TRADA, Red Booklet Series

Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood B. Wood Species from S. American Tropical,Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry Department

Fanshawe, D.B.,1954,Forest Products of British Guiana Part 1 Principal Timbers,Forest Department British Guiana Forestry Bulletin (New Series 2nd,Edition,No.1

Gerry, E. and Kryn, J.M.,1954,Manbarklak Eschweilera longipes (Poit.) Miers, Eschweilera subglandulosa,(Steud.) Miers.,Foreign Woods Information Leaflet, Forest Products Laboratory, Forest,Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.

Longwood, F.R.,1961,Puerto Rican Woods – Their Machining Seasoning and Related Characteristics,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook,No.205

Longwood, F.R.,1962,Commercial Timbers of the Caribbean,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook,No.207

Marshall, R.C.,1934,Trees of Trinidad and Tobago,Government Printer Port of Spain Trinidad

Marshall, R.C.,1939,Silviculture of the trees of Trinidad and Tobago – British West Indies,O.U.P.,London

Record, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University Press

Takahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4

Vink, A.T.,1965,Surinam Timbers,Surinam Forest Service Paramaribo,3rd rev. ed.

Wangaard, F.F., et al,1954,Properties and Uses of Tropical Woods 4,Tropical Woods,14(99, pp1-187