Scientific Name
Copaifera multijuga
Trade Name
Aceite
Family Name
Leguminosae
Common Names
Aceite, Balsam, Cabimo, Cabino blanco, Camiba, Canime, Caniva, Copahiba Angelim, Copahyba, Copaiba, Copaiba marimari, Copaibarana, Copaibo, Cupay, Hoepelhout, Koepajoewa, Maram, Palo de aceite, Panchimouti, Pau d’oleo, Timbo y ata
Regions of Distribution
Central America, Latin America
Countries of Distribution [VIEW MAP]
Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Columbia, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela
Common Uses
Balusters, Beams, Bedroom suites, Blockboard, Boat building, Boxes and crates, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Casks, Concrete formwork, Construction, Cutting surfaces, Decks, Decorative plywood, Decorative veneer, Domestic flooring, Drawer sides, Excelsior, Factory construction, Figured veneer, Flooring, Form work, Foundation posts, Framing, Furniture , General carpentry, Heavy construction, Interior construction, Interior trim, Joinery, Joists, Kitchen cabinets, Lifeboats, Light construction, Living-room suites, Millwork, Moldings, Office furniture, Paneling , Turnery
Environmental Profile
| Status has not been officially assessed |
Distribution Overview
It is found from the mid-Tapaj�s River in the east to Amazonas and Rond�nia states in the west (Ducke 1949) on the south side of the Amazonas River; it is also found from the Trombetas River west into Amazonas on the north side. C. multijuga occurs in numerous habitats, from the terra firma forests, to the flooded and/or sandy margins of lakes and streams, to the cerrado forests of central Brazil. It occurs on both sandy and clayey soils, and generally occupies the upper canopy or may occasionally be an emergent.
Heartwood Color
| Brown | ||||||||||||
| Yellow | ||||||||||||
| Orange | ||||||||||||
| Green/grey | ||||||||||||
| Black | ||||||||||||
| Red | ||||||||||||
| Reddish brown | ||||||||||||
| Copper pink brown | ||||||||||||
| Contains dark streaks |
Sapwood Color
| Green/Grey | ||||||||||||
| Red | ||||||||||||
| Brown | ||||||||||||
| Yellow | ||||||||||||
| Well defined | ||||||||||||
| Pinkish |
Grain
| Even | ||||||||||||
| Figure | ||||||||||||
| Interlocked | ||||||||||||
| Straight | ||||||||||||
| Other (figure) | ||||||||||||
| Silver tint (figure) |
| Silver tinted figure | ||||||||||||
| Resin marks in the figure | ||||||||||||
| Occasionally interlocked, but not always | ||||||||||||
| Generally straight, but not always |
The wood has a fine silver figure, and sporadic to frequent resin marks.
Texture
| Medium | ||||||||||||
| Coarse | ||||||||||||
| Fine | ||||||||||||
| Uniform | ||||||||||||
| Fine to medium |
Luster
| Medium | ||||||||||||
| High | ||||||||||||
| Low | ||||||||||||
| High |
Natural Durability
| Durable | ||||||||||||
| Susceptible to insect attack | ||||||||||||
| Moderately durable | ||||||||||||
| Non-resistant to termites | ||||||||||||
| Very durable | ||||||||||||
| Resistant to termites | ||||||||||||
| Resistant to marine borers | ||||||||||||
| Non-resistant to marine borers | ||||||||||||
| Non-resistant to powder post beetles | ||||||||||||
| Perishable | ||||||||||||
| Non-durable | ||||||||||||
| Resistant to powder post beetles | ||||||||||||
| Susceptible to termite attack | ||||||||||||
| Moderately resistant to dry wood insect attack | ||||||||||||
| Moderately resistant to decay |
Weathering
| Good |
Odor
| Has an odor |
Drying Defects
| Splitting | ||||||||||||
| Distortion | ||||||||||||
| Checking | ||||||||||||
| Slight twist/warp | ||||||||||||
| Slight surface checking | ||||||||||||
| Case hardening may develop |
Ease of Drying
| Fairly Easy | ||||||||||||
| Rapidly | ||||||||||||
| Slowly | ||||||||||||
| Reconditioning Treatement | ||||||||||||
| Little degrade | ||||||||||||
| Easy | ||||||||||||
| Dries rapidly |
Kiln Drying Rate
| Naturally dries quickly | ||||||||||||
| Naturally dries at a moderate speed | ||||||||||||
| Drying rate is fairly rapid to fast |
Tree Size
| Tree height is 30-40 m | ||||||||||||
| Tree height is 10-20 m | ||||||||||||
| Sapwood width is 0-5 cm | ||||||||||||
| Sapwood width is 5-10 cm | ||||||||||||
| Bole length is 10-20 m | ||||||||||||
| Tree height is 20-30 m | ||||||||||||
| Bole length is 0-10 m | ||||||||||||
| Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm |
Blunting Effect
| Little | ||||||||||||
| Moderate | ||||||||||||
| Medium effect |
Boring
| Fairly easy to very easy | ||||||||||||
| Fair to good results | ||||||||||||
| Good results |
Carving
| Fair to Good Results | ||||||||||||
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy | ||||||||||||
| Easy to carve |
Cutting Resistance
| Easy to saw | ||||||||||||
| Easy to saw |
Gluing
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy | ||||||||||||
| Fair to Good Results | ||||||||||||
| Surface Preparation | ||||||||||||
| Carefully Controlled Conditions | ||||||||||||
| Glues well |
Mortising
| Fair to Good Results | ||||||||||||
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy | ||||||||||||
| Easy to mortise |
Moulding
| Fair to Good Results | ||||||||||||
| Very Good to Excellent Results | ||||||||||||
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy | ||||||||||||
| Good finishing results |
Movement in Service
| Excellent Stability – Small Movement | ||||||||||||
| Fair to Good Stability – Medium Movement | ||||||||||||
| Moderate stability |
Nailing
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy | ||||||||||||
| Fair to Good Results | ||||||||||||
| Pre-Boring Recommended | ||||||||||||
| Poor to Very Poor Results | ||||||||||||
| Easy to nail |
Planing
| Fair to Good Results | ||||||||||||
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy | ||||||||||||
| Very Good to Excellent Results | ||||||||||||
| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult | ||||||||||||
| Very good planing properties |
Resistance to Impregnation
| Resistant heartwood | ||||||||||||
| Resistant sapwood | ||||||||||||
| Resistant |
Response to Hand Tools
| Easy to Work | ||||||||||||
| Responds Readily |
Routing & Recessing
| Fair to Good Results | ||||||||||||
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy | ||||||||||||
| Routing yields good results |
Screwing
| Pre-boring recommended | ||||||||||||
| Fair to Good Results | ||||||||||||
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy | ||||||||||||
| Good screwing properties | ||||||||||||
| Good screw holding properties |
Turning
| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult | ||||||||||||
| Poor to Very Poor Results | ||||||||||||
| Good results | ||||||||||||
| Easy to turn |
Steam Bending
| Fair to Good Results | ||||||||||||
| Poor to Very Poor Results | ||||||||||||
| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
Painting
| Good results |
Polishing
| Fair to Good Results | ||||||||||||
| Surface Preparation | ||||||||||||
| Good results |
Staining
| Fair to Good Results | ||||||||||||
| Surface Preparation | ||||||||||||
| Finish is generally satisfactory |
Strength Properties
| Density = high | ||||||||||||
| Compression strength (parallel to grain) = high | ||||||||||||
| Bending strength (MOR) = high |
Numerical Data
| Item | Green | Dry | English |
| Bending Strength | 10564 | 13534 | psi |
| Density | 30 | lbs/ft3 | |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 4885 | 6897 | psi |
| Stiffness | 1774 | 1964 | 1000 psi |
| Specific Gravity | 0.38 | ||
| Radial Shrinkage | 3 | % | |
| Tangential Shrinkage | 6 | % | |
| Volumetric Shrinkage | 10 | % | |
| Item | Green | Dry | Metric |
| Bending Strength | 742 | 951 | kg/cm2 |
| Density | 480 | kg/m3 | |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 343 | 484 | kg/cm2 |
| Stiffness | 124 | 138 | 1000 kg/cm2 |
| Specific Gravity | 0.38 | ||
| Radial Shrinkage | 3 | % | |
| Tangential Shrinkage | 6 | % |
References
Chichignoud, M., G. Deon, P. Detienne, B. Parant, and P. Vantomme. 1990. Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America. International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO, Centre Technique Forestier Tropical, Division of CIRAD, 45 bis Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, Nogent-sur-marne, CEDEX, France.
Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.
Maeglin, R., C. K. Baah, G. Troemmer, J. D. Danielson, and S. P. Loehnertz. 1989. Pre-project Report: Sawing of Difficult Species. Prepared for International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) by United States Department of Agriculture (USDA, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin