Scientific Name
Artocarpus altilis
Trade Name
Agob
Family Name
Moraceae
Synonyms
Artocarpus communis, Artocarpus incisa
Common Names
Agob, Antipolo, Arbre a pain, Arto carpe, Artocarpa, Atipolo, Atipuo, Breadfruit tree, Dalungian, Kamanse, Kapiak, Pakak, Pakak-bakia, Panapen, Razara, Tipolo, Togog, Tugop, Tuyop, Ubien
Regions of Distribution
Africa, Central America, Oceania and S.E. Asia
Countries of Distribution [VIEW MAP]
Burma, India, Malaysia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Puerto Rico [US], Sierra Leone, Sri Lanka, Vanuatu
Common Uses
Agricultural implements, Boat building (general), Boat building: framing, Boxes and crates, Bridge construction, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Chemical derivatives, Coffins, Concrete formwork, Cooperages, Furniture, Heavy construction, Joinery, Light construction, Moldings, Musical instruments, Paneling, Particleboard, Plywood corestock, Plywood, Pulp/Paper products, Sporting Goods, Toys, Veneer
Heartwood Color
| Yellow | ||||||||||||
| Orange | ||||||||||||
| Brown | ||||||||||||
| Red | ||||||||||||
| Yellow to golden-yellow to orange | ||||||||||||
| Pale brown | ||||||||||||
| Brown |
Sapwood Color
| White | ||||||||||||
| Yellow | ||||||||||||
| White to yellow | ||||||||||||
| Well defined |
Grain
| Straight | ||||||||||||
| Even | ||||||||||||
| Interlocked | ||||||||||||
| Figure | ||||||||||||
| Stripe (figure) |
| Straight | ||||||||||||
| Striped figure | ||||||||||||
| Interlocked |
Texture
| Coarse | ||||||||||||
| Fine | ||||||||||||
| Medium | ||||||||||||
| Medium to coarse | ||||||||||||
| Coarse | ||||||||||||
| Fine |
Luster
| Medium | ||||||||||||
| Low | ||||||||||||
| Lustrous | ||||||||||||
| Dull |
Natural Growth Defects
| Whitish deposits in vessels | ||||||||||||
| Brittleheart is rare or absent. When present, it is sparse in amount |
Natural Durability
| Susceptible to insect attack | ||||||||||||
| Durable | ||||||||||||
| Perishable | ||||||||||||
| Non-resistant to termites | ||||||||||||
| Non-resistant to powder post beetles | ||||||||||||
| Non-durable | ||||||||||||
| Moderately durable | ||||||||||||
| Resistant to termites | ||||||||||||
| Non-resistant to marine borers | ||||||||||||
| Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) | ||||||||||||
| Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles | ||||||||||||
| Durable | ||||||||||||
| Sapwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack | ||||||||||||
| Perishable | ||||||||||||
| Non durable | ||||||||||||
| Susceptible to marine borer attack | ||||||||||||
| Resistant to attack from termites (Isoptera) | ||||||||||||
| Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) often present in the standing tree | ||||||||||||
| Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) may be present in the felled log | ||||||||||||
| Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) are commonly present | ||||||||||||
| Moderately durable |
Kiln Schedules
| Dry at a moderate speed | ||||||||||||
| Drying (speed) is fast | ||||||||||||
| Dry at a slow speed |
Drying Defects
| Distortion | ||||||||||||
| Splitting | ||||||||||||
| Moderate twist/warp | ||||||||||||
| Moderate end spitting |
Ease of Drying
| Fairly Easy | ||||||||||||
| Rapidly | ||||||||||||
| Slowly | ||||||||||||
| Moderately Difficult to Difficult | ||||||||||||
| Easy | ||||||||||||
| Moderate |
Kiln Drying Rate
| Naturally dries at a moderate speed | ||||||||||||
| Naturally dries slowly | ||||||||||||
| Naturally dries quickly |
Tree Identification
| Bole/stem form is straight | ||||||||||||
| Bole/stem form is not buttressed | ||||||||||||
| Bole/stem form is cylindrical | ||||||||||||
| Bole/stem form is buttressed |
Tree Size
| Tree height is 20-30 m | ||||||||||||
| Tree height is 30-40 m | ||||||||||||
| Tree height is 10-20 m | ||||||||||||
| Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm |
Comments
General finishing qualities are rated as good
General finishing qualities are rated as poor
Blunting Effect
| Moderate | ||||||||||||
| Blunting effect on machining is moderate |
Boring
| Fairly difficult to very difficult | ||||||||||||
| Difficult |
Cutting Resistance
| Easy to saw | ||||||||||||
| Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy |
Mortising
| Poor to Very Poor Results | ||||||||||||
| Finishes poorly |
Moulding
| Poor to Very Poor Results | ||||||||||||
| Poor moulding results |
Planing
| Fair to Good Results | ||||||||||||
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy | ||||||||||||
| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult | ||||||||||||
| Very Good to Excellent Results | ||||||||||||
| Ease of planing is moderate | ||||||||||||
| Planes well, to a good finish | ||||||||||||
| Planes to a satisfactory finish |
Resistance to Impregnation
| Permeable heartwood | ||||||||||||
| Resistant heartwood | ||||||||||||
| Permeable sapwood | ||||||||||||
| Resistant sapwood | ||||||||||||
| Heartwood is resistant | ||||||||||||
| Heartwood is permeable |
Resistance to Splitting
| Excellent |
Response to Hand Tools
| Easy to Work | ||||||||||||
| Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work | ||||||||||||
| Easy to machine | ||||||||||||
| Difficult to machine |
Sanding
| Poor to Very Poor Results | ||||||||||||
| The sanding finish is generally poor |
Turning
| Poor to Very Poor Results | ||||||||||||
| Poor results |
Polishing
| Very Good to Excellent Results | ||||||||||||
| Fair to Good Results | ||||||||||||
| Good results |
Staining
| Staining (Characteristic) = coloured water-soluble extract |
Strength Properties
| Shrinkage, Radial = very small | ||||||||||||
| Shrinkage, Tangential = very small | ||||||||||||
| Shrinkage, Tangential = small | ||||||||||||
| Shrinkage, Radial = small | ||||||||||||
| Density (dry weight) = 15-22 lbs/cu. ft. | ||||||||||||
| Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate | ||||||||||||
| Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large | ||||||||||||
| Shrinkage, Radial = moderate | ||||||||||||
| Max. crushing strength = low | ||||||||||||
| Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. | ||||||||||||
| Bending strength (MOR) = low |
Numerical Data
| Item | Green | Dry | English |
| Bending Strength | 6111 | 9589 | psi |
| Density | 21 | lbs/ft3 | |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 2139 | 3916 | psi |
| Weight | 21 | 17 | lbs/ft3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 2 | % | |
| Tangential Shrinkage | 5 | % | |
| Item | Green | Dry | Metric |
| Bending Strength | 429 | 674 | kg/cm2 |
| Density | 336 | kg/m3 | |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 150 | 275 | kg/cm2 |
| Weight | 336 | 272 | kg/m3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 2 | % |
References
Browne, F.G.,1955,Forest Trees of Sarawak and Brunei and their Products.,Government Printing Office, Kuching, Sarawak
Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 4 South East Asia,TRADA, Red Booklet Series
Burgess, P.F.,1966,Timbers of Sabah,Sabah Forest Record, no.6
Eddowes, P.J.,1977,Commercial Timbers of Papua New Guinea: Their Properties and Uses,Hebano Press, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1
Kraemer, J.H.,1951,Trees of the Western Pacific Region,West Lafayette, Indiana U.S.A.
Little, E.L., Wadsworth, F.H.,1964,Common Trees of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook,No.249
Little, E.L.,1948,A Collection of Tree Specimens from Western Ecuador,Caribbean Forester,9(3,pp215-98
Longwood, F.R.,1961,Puerto Rican Woods – Their Machining Seasoning and Related Characteristics,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook,No.205
Ng, F.S.P.,1978,Tree Flora of Malaya A Manual for Foresters Volume 3,Forest Department Ministry of Primary Industries Malaysia
Reyes, L.J.,1938,Philippine Woods,Commonwealth of the Philippines Department of Agriculture and Commerce,Technical Bulletin,No.7
Swabey, C.,1941,The Principal Timbers of Jamaica,Department of Science and Agriculture Jamaica Bulletin No.29
Takahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7