Scientific Name
Apeiba tibourbou
Trade Name
Cabeha de mono
Family Name
Tiliaceae
Common Names
Cabeha de mono, Cabeza de mono, Corho, Pacote, Piene de mico, Tobago sandbox
Regions of Distribution
Latin America, Oceania and S.E. Asia
Countries of Distribution [VIEW MAP]
Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela
Common Uses
Boxes and crates, Food containers, Fuelwood, Plywood, Veneer
Heartwood Color
| White | ||||||||||||
| Yellow | ||||||||||||
| Green/grey | ||||||||||||
| Orange | ||||||||||||
| White to cream | ||||||||||||
| Yellow to golden-yellow to orange | ||||||||||||
| Greenish to greyish |
Sapwood Color
| Yellow | ||||||||||||
| White | ||||||||||||
| Same as heartwood |
Grain
| Even | ||||||||||||
| Straight |
| Straight |
Texture
| Coarse | ||||||||||||
| Medium | ||||||||||||
| Medium to coarse | ||||||||||||
| Coarse |
Luster
| Medium | ||||||||||||
| Low | ||||||||||||
| Slightly lustrous | ||||||||||||
| Lustrous |
Natural Durability
| Perishable | ||||||||||||
| Susceptible to insect attack | ||||||||||||
| Non-resistant to powder post beetles | ||||||||||||
| Non-durable | ||||||||||||
| Non-resistant to termites | ||||||||||||
| Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles | ||||||||||||
| Non durable | ||||||||||||
| Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) | ||||||||||||
| Perishable |
Ease of Drying
| Fairly Easy | ||||||||||||
| Easy |
Tree Identification
| Bole/stem form is cylindrical | ||||||||||||
| Bole/stem form is buttressed |
Tree Size
| Bole length is 10-20 m | ||||||||||||
| Tree height is 20-30 m |
Product Sources
The ITTO reports that timber is produced and exported only occasionally from this species.
Nailing
| Poor to Very Poor Results | ||||||||||||
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy | ||||||||||||
| Nails hold poorly | ||||||||||||
| Easy to nail |
Planing
| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult | ||||||||||||
| Difficult to plane |
Screwing
| Poor to Very Poor Results | ||||||||||||
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy | ||||||||||||
| Poor results | ||||||||||||
| Easy to screw |
Polishing
| Poor to Very Poor Results | ||||||||||||
| Poor results |
Strength Properties
| Shrinkage, Tangential = small | ||||||||||||
| Shrinkage, Tangential = very small | ||||||||||||
| Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate | ||||||||||||
| Shrinkage, Radial = very small | ||||||||||||
| Shrinkage, Radial = small | ||||||||||||
| Shrinkage, Radial = moderate | ||||||||||||
| Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low | ||||||||||||
| Max. crushing strength = low | ||||||||||||
| Density (dry weight) = 15-22 lbs/cu. ft. | ||||||||||||
| Bending strength (MOR) = low | ||||||||||||
| Shrinkage, Tangential = large | ||||||||||||
| Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large | ||||||||||||
| Shrinkage, Radial = large | ||||||||||||
| Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large | ||||||||||||
| Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low | ||||||||||||
| Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low |
Numerical Data
| Item | Green | Dry | English |
| Bending Strength | 6111 | 9589 | psi |
| Density | 18 | lbs/ft3 | |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 2139 | 3916 | psi |
| Shearing Strength | 1221 | psi | |
| Stiffness | 1017 | 1199 | 1000 psi |
| Weight | 18 | 15 | lbs/ft3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 4 | % | |
| Tangential Shrinkage | 6 | % | |
| Item | Green | Dry | Metric |
| Bending Strength | 429 | 674 | kg/cm2 |
| Density | 288 | kg/m3 | |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 150 | 275 | kg/cm2 |
| Shearing Strength | 85 | kg/cm2 | |
| Stiffness | 71 | 84 | 1000 kg/cm2 |
| Weight | 288 | 240 | kg/m3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 4 | % |
References
Berni, C.A., Bolza, E., Christensen, F.J.,1979,South American Timbers – The Characteristics, Properties and Uses of 190,Species,C.S.I.R.O Div. Building Research
Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood B. Wood Species from S. American Tropical,Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry Department
Record, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University Press
Takahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4