Amoora Cucullata (Amoora)


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Scientific Name
Amoora cucullata

Trade Name
Amoora

Family Name
Meliaceae

Common Names
A’amatia, Amoora, Amur, Bekak, Bor-amari, Garotai, Goi, Latmi, Lulua, Manatapuku, Maoa, Maota, Mua mua, Muta, Namota, Natmi, New Guinea amoora, Pacific maple, Rose kamala, Solomon Island amoora, Tasua

Regions of Distribution
Oceania and S.E. Asia

Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP]
Burma, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Thailand, Vietnam

Common Uses
Balusters, Bedroom suites, Boat building (general), Boat building, Boat building: decking, Boat building: framing, Boxes and crates, Building construction, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Chairs, Charcoal, Chests, Clogs, Concealed parts (Furniture), Construction, Decks, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Excelsior, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Handles: woodworking tools, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Interior construction, Interior trim, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Ladders, Lifeboats, Light construction, Living-room suites, Moldings, Oars, Office furniture, Paneling, Parquet flooring, Particleboard, Plywood, Poles, Radio – stereo – TV cabinets, Roofing, Rustic furniture, Shipbuilding, Stairworks, Toys, Turnery, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Veneer: decorative, Windows

Environmental Profile

Rare
Status unknown in many of its growth areas
Rare in parts of its natural range (population is at risk)
Data source is World Conservation Monitoring Center

Known status applies to natural habitat in Orissa State, India. Unknown status covers Nepal, Thailand, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Sarawak, and the Andaman Islands

Distribution Overview
Australia (Queensland).

Heartwood Color

Red
Brown
White
Pink
Purple
Reddish brown
Dark brown
Pale red to pink
Whitish
Red
Pinkish white

Sapwood Color

Pink
White
Yellow
Brown
Red
Tan
Pinkish
White to yellow
Clearly differentiated from the heartwood
Tan to brown in color
Paler than heartwood

Grain

Interlocked
Straight
Even
Figure
Other (figure)
Weak (figure)

 

Interlocked
Generally straight, but not always
Weak figure
Other figure

Texture

Medium
Fine
Coarse
Medium
Fine to medium
Medium to coarse

Luster

Medium
High
Lustrous

Natural Growth Defects

Whitish deposits in vessels

Natural Durability

Moderately durable
Susceptible to insect attack
Non-durable
Non-resistant to powder post beetles
Perishable
Durable
Non-resistant to termites
Moderately durable
Non durable
Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles
Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) are commonly present
Susceptible to wood staining fungal attack
Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera)
Perishable
Durable

Vulnerable to attack by pin-hole borers and termites

Odor

No specific smell or taste

Light-Induced Color Change

Darker

Kiln Schedules

Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is fairly rapid
Uk=C US=T3C2/T3C1 Fr=3
Uk=B US=T2C2/T2C1 Fr=2
Dry at a slow speed
Dry at a moderate speed

Drying Defects

Internal Honeycombing Possible
Distortion
Checking
Collapse
Honeycombing possible
Slight twist/warp
Moderate twist/warp
Moderate surface checking

Ease of Drying

Fairly Easy
Thick Stock Requires Care
Slowly
Easy
Spiral grain should be weighted down to prevent possible distortion.

Kiln Drying Rate

Rapid
Drying rate is fairly rapid to fast
Naturally dries slowly
Naturally dries at a moderate speed
Rapid (<10 days for boards < 32 mm, to <30 days for boards >= 63 mm)

Tree Identification

Bole/stem form is buttressed
Bole/stem form is straight

Tree Size

Tree height is 30-40 m
Tree height is 10-20 m
Tree height is 20-30 m
Bole length is 20-30 m
Tree height is 40-50 m
Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm

Comments
General finishing qualities are rated as good

Cutting Resistance

Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw
Easy to saw
Cutting Resistance with dry wood is difficult
Difficult to saw

Gluing

Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Fair to Good Results
Moderate gluing properties
Easy to glue

Movement in Service

Excellent Stability – Small Movement
Small

Planing

Fair to Good Results
Smooth surface

Resistance to Impregnation

Resistant heartwood
Resistant sapwood
Heartwood is resistant
Sapwood has low permeability

Response to Hand Tools

Easy to Work
Responds Readily
Easy to machine
Responds well to hand tools

Turning

Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Easy to turn

Polishing

Fair to Good Results
Satisfactory results
Good results

Strength Properties

Max. crushing strength = medium
Bending strength (MOR) = medium
Shrinkage, Radial = moderate
Hardness (side grain) = soft
Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft.
Shrinkage, Tangential = large
Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large
Modulus of Elasticity = moderate
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low
Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate
Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft.
Shrinkage, Tangential = small
Shrinkage, Radial = small
Hardness (side grain) = medium
Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large
Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft.
Bending strength (MOR) = low

Numerical Data

Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 8146 13264 psi
Crushing Strength 363 563. psi
Density 41 lbs/ft3
Hardness 1017 lbs
Maximum Crushing Strength 3833 6589 psi
Shearing Strength 1691 psi
Static Bending 4929 8448 psi
Stiffness 1476 1735 1000 psi
Toughness 103 inch-lbs
Specific Gravity 0.53
Weight 40 29 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 3 %
Tangential Shrinkage 7 %
Item Green Dry Metric
Bending Strength 572 932 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 25 39. kg/cm2
Density 657 kg/m3
Hardness 461 kg
Maximum Crushing Strength 269 463 kg/cm2
Shearing Strength 118 kg/cm2
Static Bending 346 593 kg/cm2
Stiffness 103 121 1000 kg/cm2
Toughness 118 cm-kg
Specific Gravity 0.53
Weight 641 464 kg/m3
Radial Shrinkage 3 %

References
Anon,1963,Indian Woods: Their Identification, Properties and uses. Vol.II Linaceae,to Moringaceae,Manager of Publications, Delhi, India

Bolza, E. and N. H. Kloot. 1966. The Mechanical Properties of 81 New Guinea Timbers. Technological Paper No. 41. Division of Forest Products, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, Australia.

Bolza, E., Kloot, N.H.,1976,The Mechanical Properties of 81 New Guinea Timbers,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Building Res. Tec.Paper (2nd series) 11

Bolza, E.,1975,Properties and Uses of 175 Timber Species from Papua New Guinea and West,Irian,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Building Research Report,no.34

Bolza, E.,1981,The Mechanical properties of 33 Solomon Islands timbers,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Building Research. Technical Paper (2nd series) No.37

Burgess, P.F.,1966,Timbers of Sabah,Sabah Forest Record, no.6

Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.

Da Costa, E.W.B., Osborne, L.D.,1967,Comparative decay resistance of 26 New Guinea timber species in,accelerated laboratory tests,Comm. Forestry Review 46(1) pp63-74

Desch, H. E. 1954. Manual of Malayan Timbers – Volume II. Malayan Forest Records, No. 15. Malaya Publishing House Ltd., Singapore.

Desch, H.E.,1954,Manual of Malayan Timbers (2 vols,Malayan Forest Records,no.15

Eddowes, P.J. 1977. Commercial Timbers of Papua New Guinea – Their Properties and Uses. Forest Products Research Center, Office of Forests, Department of Primary Industry, Papua New Guinea.

Eddowes, P.J.,1977,Commercial Timbers of Papua New Guinea: Their Properties and Uses,Hebano Press, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea

Gotz, E.,1983,Timber trees of the Gambia,Stiftung Walderhaltung in Afrika and Bundesforschungsanstalt fur Forst-,und Holzwirtschaft

Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1

Kininimonth, J.A.,1982,Properties and uses of the timbers of Western Samoa, Indigenous,Hardwoods,Forest Research Institute, Rotorua, New Zealand

Lebacq, L., Dechamps, R.,1967,Contribution a un Inventaire de Forets du Nord-kasai,Musee Royal de L’Afrique Centrale Belgium Annals Series 8 No.5

Ng, F.S.P. (Ed,1989,Tree Flora of Malaya A Manual for Foresters Volume 4,Forest Research Institute Malaysia Ministry of Primary Industries

Osborne, L.D.,1970,Decay resistance of South-West Pacific rain forest timbers,C.S.I.R.O.,Div. for Prod., Tech. paper No.56

Papua New Guinea Department of Forests,1972,New Horizons,Forestry in Papua New Guinea,Jacaranda Press PTY Ltd, Brisbane

Sekhar, A.C., Rana, R.S.,1957,Physical and mechanical properties of wood tested at the Forest Research,Institute, Dehra Dun,. Report IX,Indian Forest Records (ns) Timber Mechanics 1(10) pp167-70

Solomon Islands, Ministry of Natural Resources, Forestry Division,1979,Solomon Islands Timbers – Minor Species,Solomon Islands, Ministry of Natural Resources, Forestry Division, Honiara,Timber Booklet 2

WCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing – Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center-Plants Programme, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.