Cupressus Lusitanica (Cedar of Goa)


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Scientific Name
Cupressus lusitanica

Trade Name
Cedar of Goa

Family Name
Cupressaceae

Synonyms
Cupressus lindleyi

Common Names
Cedar of Goa, Cedro, Cedro amerillo, Cedro blanco, Cedro de la Sierra, Cipres, Cipres de Mexico, East Africa cypress, East African Cypress, Gretado galan, Gretdo amerillo, Gretolo amerillo, Lindley cypress, Lusitanica cypress, Meru cypress, Mexican cypress, Narok cypress, Pinabele, Pinabete, Portuguese cypress, Teatlale, Tlascal, Tlatzcan, Tlazzcan

Plantation species?
Yes

Regions of Distribution
Africa, Central America, Latin America, Oceania and S.E. Asia

Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP]
Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Guatemala, Honduras, Kenya, Mexico, New Zealand, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia

Common Uses
Beehives, Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Broom handles, Cabinetmaking, Concrete formwork, Fuelwood, Furniture, Joinery (external): ground contact, Joinery, Light construction, Particleboard, Piling, Plywood corestock, Plywood, Poles, Posts, Pulp/Paper products, Railroad ties, Shingles, Toys, Turnery, Vehicle parts, Veneer, agricultural implements

Heartwood Color

Brown
Red
Yellow
Purple
Black
Pink
Orange
Brown
Yellow to golden-yellow to orange
Pale red to pink
Pale brown

Sapwood Color

Brown
Yellow
Paler than heartwood
Clearly differentiated from the heartwood
White to yellow
Different than heartwood

Plantation timber info:

Grain

Straight
Figure
Even
Other (figure)
Variable (figure)
Growth rings (figure)

 

Straight
Other figure
Irregular color
Clear growth rings (figure)

Texture

Medium
Fine
Coarse
Fine

Plantation timber info:

Luster

Low
Medium
Pronounced
Lustrous

Plantation timber info:

Natural Growth Defects

Gum/resin streaks
Gum/resin streaks

Natural Durability

Moderately durable
Non-durable
Susceptible to insect attack
Non-resistant to powder post beetles
Durable
Perishable
Non-resistant to marine borers
Resistant to termites
Moderately durable
Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles
Non durable
Durable
Perishable
Non durable

Light-Induced Color Change

Lighter

Kiln Schedules

Drying (speed) is fast
UK=J US=T10D5S/T8D4S Fr=4
UK=J US=T10D5S/T8D4S Fr=4
UK=B US=T2C2/T2C1 Fr=2

Drying Defects

Splitting
Checking
Distortion
Moderate twist/warp
Slight twist/warp

Plantation timber info:

Ease of Drying

Moderately Difficult to Difficult
Variable
Slowly

Kiln Drying Rate

Naturally dries slowly

Tree Size

Tree height is 20-30 m
Tree height is 10-20 m
Sapwood width is 10-15 cm
Bole length is 10-20 m
Bole length is 0-10 m
Tree height is 30-40 m

Comments
General finishing qualities are rated as good

Blunting Effect

Blunting effect on machining is slight

Boring

Fairly difficult to very difficult
Moderately easy

Cutting Resistance

Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw
Cutting Resistance with green wood is easy
Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy

Gluing

Easy to glue

Mortising

Easy to mortise

Moulding

Easy to mould

Movement in Service

Small

Plantation timber info:

Nailing

Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult
Holds nails well
Easy to nail
Pre-boring recommended

Plantation timber info:

Planing

Fair to Good Results
Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult
Very Good to Excellent Results
Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Planes well, to a good finish
Easy to plane

Resistance to Impregnation

Resistant heartwood
Permeable sapwood
Resistant sapwood
Permeable heartwood
Heartwood is moderately resistant
Sapwood is moderately resistant
Heartwood is resistant
Heartwood is permeable

Response to Hand Tools

Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work
Easy to Work
Easy to machine

Plantation timber info:

Screwing

Screwing yields good results
Easy to screw

Turning

Fair to Good Results
Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult
Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Easy to turn

Veneering Qualities

Suitable for peeling
Veneers easily
Veneers moderately easy
Easy to cut

Steam Bending

Very poor

Painting

Satisfactory results

Plantation timber info:

Polishing

Fair to Good Results
Satisfactory results
Good results

Plantation timber info:

Staining

Finish is generally satisfactory
Finish is generally good

Plantation timber info:

Strength Properties

Bending strength (MOR) = low
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low
Max. crushing strength = medium
Hardness (side grain) = very soft
Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft.
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low
Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft.
Shrinkage, Radial = very small
Shrinkage, Tangential = small
Shrinkage, Tangential = very small
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low
Work to Maximum Load = very low
Shrinkage, Radial = small
Max. crushing strength = low
Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low
Toughness (total work) = very low
Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate
Hardness (side grain) = soft
Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large
Shrinkage, Radial = moderate
Shrinkage, Radial = large
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low
Bending strength (MOR) = medium

Numerical Data

Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 6644 10419 psi
Density 29 lbs/ft3
Hardness 378 lbs
Impact Strength 28 inches
Maximum Crushing Strength 3669 6071 psi
Shearing Strength 1124 psi
Stiffness 1157 1356 1000 psi
Toughness 95 inch-lbs
Work to Maximum Load 5 7 inch-lbs/in3
Weight 28 24 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 2 %
Tangential Shrinkage 5 %
Item Green Dry Metric
Bending Strength 467 732 kg/cm2
Density 464 kg/m3
Hardness 171 kg
Impact Strength 71 cm
Maximum Crushing Strength 257 426 kg/cm2
Shearing Strength 79 kg/cm2
Stiffness 81 95 1000 kg/cm2
Toughness 109 cm-kg
Work to Maximum Load 0.35 0.49 cm-kg/cm3
Weight 448 384 kg/m3
Radial Shrinkage 2 %

References
Berni, C.A., Bolza, E., Christensen, F.J.,1979,South American Timbers – The Characteristics, Properties and Uses of 190,Species,C.S.I.R.O Div. Building Research

Bier, H.,1983,The strength properties of small clear specimens of New Zealand-grown,timber,New Zealand Forest Service Forest Research Institute, FRI Bulletin No.41

Bois, P.J.,1966,The Strength Properties of Tanzania Timbers,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. Moshi Tech. Note, No.35

Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers – the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building Research

Bryce, J. and Kitambi, G.,1960,The Air-drying Properties of some Tanganyika Timbers Technical Note No 23,Tanganyika Forest Department Utilisation Division Technical Note

Bryce, J.M.,1967,Commercial Timbers of Tanzania,Tanzanian Forestry Division Util. Sec. Moshi

Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.

Dallimore, W. and Jackson, A. Bruce,1966,A Handbook of Coniferae and Ginkgoaceae Fourth Ed. Revised by S.G.,Harrison,Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd. London

Forest Products Research Laboratory U.K.,1957,A Handbook of Softwoods,Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Forest Products Research,HMSO

Haslett, A.N.,1986,Properties and Utilisation of Exotic Speciality Timbers Grown in New,Zealand Part III: Cypresses – Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Parl. X,Cupressocyparis leylandii Dall. Cupressus lusitanica Mill. Cupressus,macrocarpa Hartw.,New Zealand Forest Service, Forest Research Institute, FRI Bulletin No.119

Murira, K.,1984,Natural Durability Tests of Tanzanian Timbers 1955 – 1982,Tanzania Forestry Research Institute, Timber Utilisation Research Centre,,Moshi.

Paterson,1961,Average mechanical and physical properties of Kenya exotic softwoods,Kenya Forest Department, Technical Note No.82 (revised 1963)

Poynton, R.J.,1957,Notes on Exotic Forest Trees in South Africa (Second Edition, Revised,South African Forestry Department Bulletin No.38

Record, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University Press

Rendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. London

Scott, M.H.,1935,Weights of South African Growth Timbers,South African Department of Agriculture and Forestry Bulletin,No.145,Forest Products Institute, Forestry Series No.1

Scott, M.H.,1951,The Quality and Uses of Exotic Softwoods in South Africa,Empire Forestry Review 30:235-249

Shukla, N.K. and Sangal, S.K.,1986,Preliminary studies of strength properties of some exotic timbers,Indian Forester 112:5, 459-465

Takahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4

Takahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7

Tanzania – Timber Marketing Co. Ltd.,1978,Timber from Tanzania

Tanzania Forest Department,1961,The Movement of Timbers Technical Note No.29,Tanzania Forest Department, Utilisation Division Technical Note

Tanzania Forest Division,1966,Kiln Drying Schedules for Tanzania Timbers Technical Note no.38,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. Moshi

Tanzania Forest Division,1967,The Weights and Shrinkage of some Local Timbers,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sect. Technical Note,No.25

Uganda Forest Department,1969,The Shrinkage of Some Ugandan Timbers,Uganda Forestry Department Timber Leaflet,No.47