Scientific Name
Fagraea fragrans
Trade Name
Anan
Family Name
Potaliaceae
Synonyms
Fagraea cochinchinensis, Fagraea peregrina
Common Names
Anan, Burman yellowheart, Dolo, Dulo, Kankrao, Lemesu, Meriang, Perepat hutan, Reriang, Sysulin, Tatrau, Tembesoe paja, Tembesoe rawang, Tembesoe renah, Tembusu, Tembusu luar, Tembusu padang, Temesu, Trai, Uling, Urung
Regions of Distribution
Oceania and S.E. Asia
Countries of Distribution [VIEW MAP]
Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, Fiji [Polynesia], Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam
Common Uses
Agricultural implements, Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Bridge construction, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Door, Flooring, Flooring: commercial heavy traffic, Furniture, Handles: general, Heavy construction, Joinery, Ladders, Light construction, Marine construction, Mine timbers, Piling, Poles, Posts, Railroad ties, Sporting Goods, Toys, Turnery, Vehicle parts
Heartwood Color
| Yellow | ||||||||||||
| Purple | ||||||||||||
| Orange | ||||||||||||
| Yellow to golden-yellow to orange | ||||||||||||
| Pale brown | ||||||||||||
| Brown | ||||||||||||
| Pale red to pink | ||||||||||||
| Dark brown |
Sapwood Color
| Paler than heartwood | ||||||||||||
| White to yellow | ||||||||||||
| Same as heartwood |
Grain
| Straight | ||||||||||||
| Figure | ||||||||||||
| Interlocked | ||||||||||||
| Closed | ||||||||||||
| Even | ||||||||||||
| Distinct (figure) | ||||||||||||
| Wavy | ||||||||||||
| Other (figure) |
| Straight | ||||||||||||
| Interlocked | ||||||||||||
| Distinct figure | ||||||||||||
| Wavy | ||||||||||||
| Other figure |
Texture
| Fine | ||||||||||||
| Fine to medium | ||||||||||||
| Medium to coarse |
Luster
| Dull | ||||||||||||
| Slightly lustrous |
Natural Durability
| Very durable | ||||||||||||
| Susceptible to marine borer attack | ||||||||||||
| Resistant to attack from termites (Isoptera) | ||||||||||||
| Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles | ||||||||||||
| Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) | ||||||||||||
| Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) are commonly present | ||||||||||||
| Moderately durable | ||||||||||||
| Durable |
Light-Induced Color Change
| Darker |
Kiln Schedules
| Dry at a slow speed |
Drying Defects
| Slight surface checking | ||||||||||||
| Moderate surface checking |
Ease of Drying
| Difficult | ||||||||||||
| Moderate |
Tree Identification
| Bole/stem form is not buttressed | ||||||||||||
| Bole/stem form is cylindrical | ||||||||||||
| Bole/stem form is buttressed |
Tree Size
| Bark width is 0-5 mm | ||||||||||||
| Bole length is 0-10 m | ||||||||||||
| Tree height is 0-10 m | ||||||||||||
| Tree height is 10-20 m | ||||||||||||
| Tree height is 20-30 m |
Comments
General finishing qualities are rated as good
Boring
| Easy |
Cutting Resistance
| Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy | ||||||||||||
| Cutting Resistance with dry wood is difficult | ||||||||||||
| Cutting Resistance with green wood is easy |
Planing
| Planes well, to a good finish | ||||||||||||
| Easy to plane |
Resistance to Impregnation
| Heartwood is extremely resistant |
Response to Hand Tools
| Easy to machine | ||||||||||||
| Difficult to machine |
Turning
| Good results | ||||||||||||
| Easy to turn |
Polishing
| Satisfactory results |
Strength Properties
| Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. | ||||||||||||
| Shrinkage, Tangential = very small | ||||||||||||
| Shrinkage, Radial = very small | ||||||||||||
| Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft | ||||||||||||
| Bending strength (MOR) = high | ||||||||||||
| Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high | ||||||||||||
| Max. crushing strength = high | ||||||||||||
| Hardness (side grain) = medium | ||||||||||||
| Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu. ft | ||||||||||||
| Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. | ||||||||||||
| Shrinkage, Volumetric = small | ||||||||||||
| Shrinkage, Tangential = small | ||||||||||||
| Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very high | ||||||||||||
| Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = high | ||||||||||||
| Hardness (side grain) = hard |
Numerical Data
| Item | Green | Dry | English |
| Bending Strength | 13576 | 20956 | psi |
| Density | 50 | lbs/ft3 | |
| Hardness | 1878 | lbs | |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 6899 | 9945 | psi |
| Shearing Strength | 3015 | psi | |
| Stiffness | 2167 | 2494 | 1000 psi |
| Weight | 49 | 39 | lbs/ft3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 2 | % | |
| Tangential Shrinkage | 4 | % | |
| Volumetric Shrinkage | 8 | % | |
| Item | Green | Dry | Metric |
| Bending Strength | 954 | 1473 | kg/cm2 |
| Density | 801 | kg/m3 | |
| Hardness | 851 | kg | |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 485 | 699 | kg/cm2 |
| Shearing Strength | 211 | kg/cm2 | |
| Stiffness | 152 | 175 | 1000 kg/cm2 |
| Weight | 785 | 624 | kg/m3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 2 | % | |
| Tangential Shrinkage | 4 | % |
References
Aguilar, L.,1941,Relative Durability of Untreated Philippine woods,The Philippine Journal of Forestry 4(3) pp247-56
Browne, F.G.,1955,Forest Trees of Sarawak and Brunei and their Products.,Government Printing Office, Kuching, Sarawak
Burgess, P.F.,1966,Timbers of Sabah,Sabah Forest Record, no.6
Carrapiett, J.B.,1960,Notes on ornamental timbers of Burma,Burmese Forester,10(1,pp37-53
Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.
Desch, H.E.,1954,Manual of Malayan Timbers (2 vols,Malayan Forest Records,no.15
Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.
Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1
Kraemer, J.H.,1951,Trees of the Western Pacific Region,West Lafayette, Indiana U.S.A.
Lee, Y.H., et al,1974,Commercial Timbers of Peninsular Malaysia,Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Department of Forestry Peninsular Malaysia and,Malaysian Timber Industry Board
Lee, Y.H., Lopez, D.T.,1968,The Machining Properties of some Malayan Timbers,Malayan Forester,3,pp194-210
Pearson, R.S., Brown, H.P.,1932,Commercial Timbers of India,Govt. Printer Calcutta,2 vols
Reyes, L.J.,1938,Philippine Woods,Commonwealth of the Philippines Department of Agriculture and Commerce,Technical Bulletin,No.7
Sarawak Forest Department,Trees and Timbers of Sarawak and Brunei,Forest Department, Sarawak Leaflet No.13
Smythies, B.E.,1965,Common Sarawak Trees,Borneo Literature Bureau
Sono, P.,1974,Merchantable Timbers of Thailand.,Forest Products Research Division, Royal Forest Department, Bangkok,,Thailand.
Thomas, A.V., Pillai, P.K.B.,1954,Shrinkage of Malayan timbers,Malayan Forester 17(4) pp208-9
Thomas, A.V.,1954,Malayan Timbers – Bintangor, geronggang, terentang,Malayan Forest Service Trade Leaflet,no.12
Walker, F.S.,1941,Resistance of Timbers to Marine Borer Attack,Malayan Forester 10(4) pp145-9
Whitmore, T.C.,1973,Tree Flora of Malaya A Manual for Foresters Volume 2,Forest Department Ministry of Primary Industries Malaysia