Scientific Name
Gardenia latifolia
Trade Name
Advibikke
Family Name
Rubiaceae
Common Names
Advibikke, Banbindalu, Dam-kurdu, Donga, Dum-kurdu, Gardenia, Ghogar, Ghogari, Gogal paria, Gogarni, Indian boxwood, Jantia, Kalkamb, Kambi, Karinguva, Katarang, Kota ranga, Kottumari-kalan, Kumbay, Kuru, Kurundu, Pandru, Paniabila, Papa, Papar, Papra, Papri, Papro, Papur, Paria, Pedda bikki, Peddabikki, Pempri, Piphar, Popro, Siamese boxwood
Regions of Distribution
Oceania and S.E. Asia
Countries of Distribution [VIEW MAP]
India, Sri Lanka
Common Uses
Agricultural implements, Boxes and crates, Brush backs & handles, Cabinetmaking, Furniture, Mathematical instruments, Tool handles, Toys, Turnery
Heartwood Color
| Yellow | ||||||||||||
| Red | ||||||||||||
| Brown | ||||||||||||
| Orange | ||||||||||||
| Yellow to golden-yellow to orange | ||||||||||||
| White to cream | ||||||||||||
| Pale brown |
Sapwood Color
| Red | ||||||||||||
| Yellow | ||||||||||||
| Same as heartwood |
Grain
| Straight | ||||||||||||
| Closed | ||||||||||||
| Even | ||||||||||||
| Wavy | ||||||||||||
| Figure | ||||||||||||
| Distinct (figure) |
| Straight | ||||||||||||
| Wavy | ||||||||||||
| Distinct figure |
Texture
| Fine | ||||||||||||
| Fine |
Luster
| Medium | ||||||||||||
| Lustrous |
Natural Durability
| Moderately durable | ||||||||||||
| Susceptible to insect attack | ||||||||||||
| Non-resistant to marine borers | ||||||||||||
| Resistant to powder post beetles | ||||||||||||
| Non durable | ||||||||||||
| Durable | ||||||||||||
| Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles |
Light-Induced Color Change
| Darker |
Kiln Schedules
| Dry at a slow speed |
Drying Defects
| Distortion | ||||||||||||
| Splitting | ||||||||||||
| Checking | ||||||||||||
| Moderate end spitting | ||||||||||||
| Moderate surface checking |
Ease of Drying
| Fairly Easy | ||||||||||||
| Slowly | ||||||||||||
| Moderately Difficult to Difficult | ||||||||||||
| Easy |
Kiln Drying Rate
| Naturally dries at a moderate speed |
Tree Size
| Bark width is 0-5 mm | ||||||||||||
| Bark width is 5-10 mm | ||||||||||||
| Bole length is 10-20 m | ||||||||||||
| Tree height is 20-30 m |
Comments
General finishing qualities are rated as good
Blunting Effect
| Little |
Boring
| Fair to good results | ||||||||||||
| Fairly easy to very easy |
Cutting Resistance
| Easy to saw | ||||||||||||
| Cutting Resistance with green wood is difficult | ||||||||||||
| Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy |
Mortising
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
Moulding
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
Nailing
| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
Planing
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy | ||||||||||||
| Very Good to Excellent Results | ||||||||||||
| Fair to Good Results |
Response to Hand Tools
| Easy to machine |
Sanding
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy | ||||||||||||
| Very Good to Excellent Results | ||||||||||||
| Fair to Good Results |
Turning
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy | ||||||||||||
| Very Good to Excellent Results | ||||||||||||
| Fair to Good Results | ||||||||||||
| Easy to turn | ||||||||||||
| Good results |
Steam Bending
| Poor to Very Poor Results |
Polishing
| Good results |
Strength Properties
| Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = high | ||||||||||||
| Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate | ||||||||||||
| Shrinkage, Radial = moderate | ||||||||||||
| Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low | ||||||||||||
| Max. crushing strength = medium | ||||||||||||
| Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. | ||||||||||||
| Bending strength (MOR) = medium | ||||||||||||
| Shrinkage, Volumetric = moderate | ||||||||||||
| Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium | ||||||||||||
| Hardness (side grain) = medium | ||||||||||||
| Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft | ||||||||||||
| Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. |
Numerical Data
| Item | Green | Dry | English |
| Bending Strength | 9310 | 14566 | psi |
| Density | 47 | lbs/ft3 | |
| Hardness | 1658 | lbs | |
| Impact Strength | 54 | inches | |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 3916 | 6397 | psi |
| Shearing Strength | 2205 | psi | |
| Stiffness | 1358 | 1568 | 1000 psi |
| Weight | 46 | 37 | lbs/ft3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 4 | % | |
| Tangential Shrinkage | 7 | % | |
| Volumetric Shrinkage | 11 | % | |
| Item | Green | Dry | Metric |
| Bending Strength | 654 | 1024 | kg/cm2 |
| Density | 753 | kg/m3 | |
| Hardness | 752 | kg | |
| Impact Strength | 137 | cm | |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 275 | 449 | kg/cm2 |
| Shearing Strength | 155 | kg/cm2 | |
| Stiffness | 95 | 110 | 1000 kg/cm2 |
| Weight | 737 | 592 | kg/m3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 4 | % | |
| Tangential Shrinkage | 7 | % |
References
C.S.I.R.O., Division of Building Research,1977,CSIRO, Division of Building Research, Information Service Sheet No.,10-13,TAUN,CSIRO, Division of Building Research, Information Service, Melbourne,,Australia
Desch, H.E.,1948,The Boxwoods,Wood,13(5,pp130-1
Gamble, J.S.,1902,A Manual of Indian Timbers,Sampson Low, Marston & Co. London
Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.
Limaye, V.D.,1957,Grouping of Indian Timbers and Their Properties, Uses and Suitability.,Indian Forest Records (N.S. Timber Mechanics Vol.1 No.2)
Pearson, R.S., Brown, H.P.,1932,Commercial Timbers of India,Govt. Printer Calcutta,2 vols
Purkayastha, S.K.,1982,Indian woods: Their identifications, properties and uses, Vol. IV,Myrlacene to Symploceae,Controller of Publications, New Delhi
Ramesh, Rao K., Juneja, K.B.S.,1971,Field Identification of Fifty Important timbers of India,Dehra Dun India