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- Scientific-Name
- Trade-Name
- Family-Name
- Synonyms
- Common-Names
- Regions-of-Distribution
- Countries-of-Distribution [VIEW-MAP]
- Common-Uses
- Environmental-Profile
- Distribution-Overview
- Heartwood-Color
- Sapwood-Color
- Grain
- Texture
- Luster
- Natural-Durability
- Kiln-Schedules
- Drying-Defects
- Ease-of-Drying
- Kiln-Drying-Rate
- Tree-Identification
- Tree-Size
- Comments
- Gluing
- Movement-in-Service
- Nailing
- Planing
- Resistance-to-Impregnation
- Response-to-Hand-Tools
- Screwing
- Painting
- Staining
- Varnishing
- Strength-Properties
- Numerical-Data
- References
Scientific Name
Mallotus penangensis
Trade Name
Balek angin
Family Name
Euphorbiaceae
Common Names
Balek angin, Ki mejong, Mahang, Singin, Tampin, Tuka tuka
Regions of Distribution
Oceania and S.E. Asia
Countries of Distribution [VIEW MAP]
Malaysia
Common Uses
Light construction, Matches, Poles, Pulp/Paper products, Tool handles, Turnery
Heartwood Color
| Brown | ||||||||||||||||
| Yellow | ||||||||||||||||
| Purple |
Kiln Schedules
| UK=E US=T6D2/T3D1 Fr=5 |
Drying Defects
| Distortion | ||||||||||||
| Splitting | ||||||||||||
| May end-split and warp during drying. |
Ease of Drying
| Slowly | ||||||||||||
| Fairly easy | ||||||||||||
| Dries slowly |
Radial – 1.3 to 3.0%
Shrinkage from Green to 12% MC
Tangential – 2.3 to 4.0%
Kiln Drying Rate
| Naturally dries slowly |
Tree Size
| Bole length is 10-20 m | ||||||||||||
| Tree height is 30-40 m | ||||||||||||
| Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm | ||||||||||||
| Orange |
Grain
| Even | ||||||||||||
| Straight | ||||||||||||
| Figure | ||||||||||||
| Weak (figure) |
| Weak figure | ||||||||||||
| Straight |
Texture
| Fine | ||||||||||||
| Coarse |
Luster
| Low |
Natural Durability
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| Durable | ||||||||||||
The trees attain a height of 100 feet (30 m) or more, with trunk diameter of up to 36 inches (90 cm). Boles are sometimes fluted
Comments
Palaquium and Payena are two separate but closely related genera, which are very similar in characteristics. They produce wood that are usually grouped in the Nyatoh or Bitis class. Nyatoh is a commercial grouping of species whose air-dry weights fall mostly between 38 and 45 lb/cu.ft or (610 and 720 kg/cu.m), but may be up to to 55 lb/cu.ft (880 kg/cu.m). They are often mixed and marketed with other light to medium-weight, red-colored timbers. Timbers in the Bitis class are described as heavier, and have weights greater than 55 lb/cu.ft (880 kg/cu.m). They are referred to as Nyatoh batu in Sabah (Malaysia)
Blunting Effect
| High to severe |
Cutting edges may blunt severely, depending upon the amount of silica in the wood
Cutting Resistance
| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw |
Sawing properties are reported to vary with species. Some Palaquium timbers contain silica, which makes them very abrasive and very difficult to saw with ordinary saws. There may also be some gum build-up on cutters
Movement in Service
| Medium movement in use. |
Nailing
| Pre-Boring Recommended |
Planing
| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
Some Palaquium species are siliceous and gummy. They are rather difficult to work in planing, moulding, boring, and other woodworking operations since they tend to dull and gum-up cutting tools rapidly. Non-siliceous species are relatively easy to work, and finish to yield a smooth surface
Resistance to Impregnation
| Permeable sapwood | ||||||||||||||
| Resistant heartwood | ||||||||||||||
| Resistant sapwood | ||||||||||||||
| Sapwood is permeable | Susceptible to marine borer attack | |||||||||||||
| Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) | ||||||||||||||
| Non durable |
Kiln Schedules
| Drying (speed) is fast |
Tree Size
| Tree height is 0-10 m | ||||||||||||
| Tree height is 10-20 m |
Response to Hand Tools
| Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work | ||||||||||||
| Easy to machine |
Strength Properties
| Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. |
Numerical Data
| Item | Green | Dry | English | |||||||||
| Density | 47 | lbs/ft3 | ||||||||||
| Weight | 46 | 37 | lbs/ft3 | |||||||||
| Item | Green | Dry | Metric | |||||||||
| Density<“28”> | ||||||||||||
| Heartwood is extremely resistant |
Response to Hand Tools
| Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work |
Response to hand tools is dependent upon amount of silica and gum in the wood. Non-siliceous and non-gummy wood tend to work easier with hand tools
Polishing
| Very Good to Excellent Results | ||||||||||||
| Fair to Good Results |
Non-Siliceous Palaquium timbers are reported to polish well
Strength Properties
Maximum crushing strength, or compression parallel to grain in the air-dry condition, is in the very high range. It is stronger than Hard maple, White oak, or Teak. The wood is high in density
Numerical Data
| Item | Green | Dry | English | |||
| Bending Strength | 7652 | 11720. | psi | |||
| Crushing Strength | 537 | 833. | psi | |||
| Density | 38 | lbs/ft3 | ||||
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 3540 | 5673. | psi | |||
| Shearing Strength | 892 | psi | ||||
| Static Bending | 4189 | 6531. | psi | |||
| Stiffness | 1159 | 1370. | 1000 psi | |||
| Work to Maximum Load | 3305 | inch-lbs/in3 | ||||
| Specific Gravity | 0.41 | |||||
| Item | Green | Dry | Metric | |||
| Bending Strength | 538 | 824. | kg/cm2 | |||
| Crushing Strength | 37 | 58. | kg/cm2 | |||
| Density | 608 | kg/m3 | ||||
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 248 | 398. | kg/cm2</small/small> | 753 | kg/m3 |
References
Burgess, P.F.,1966,Timbers of Sabah,Sabah Forest Record, no.6
Desch, H.E.,1954,Manual of Malayan Timbers (2 vols,Malayan Forest Records,no.15